C++ - Data type (C++軟體開發 - 資料型態 概念與實例)

◎基本概念 

Type	Byte	Range
char	1	-128~127  /  0~255
bool	1	0~1
int	4	-2147483648 ~ 2147483647
Short int	2	-32768~32767
Long int	8	-9223372036854775808 ~ 9223372036854775807
float	4	(~7 digits)
double	8	(~15 digits)
long double	8	(~15 digits)
Wchar_t	2 / 4

關於float、double最大值最小值以及精準度，比較複雜不在這篇介紹，可以參考
 C++ - Floating-Point Precision,float,double (C++軟體開發 - 浮點數精度 概念與實例)

 ◎簡單實例

依照complier還有電腦環境，可以與上面表格不同，可以用利用下列程式碼確認大小。

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <limits>  

using namespace std;

int main() {

    cout << "Size of char : " << sizeof(char) << endl;
    cout << "min：" << (numeric_limits<char>::min)() << " ";
    cout << "MAX：" << (numeric_limits<char>::max)() << endl;
    cout << "Size of bool : " << sizeof(bool) << endl;
    cout << "min：" << (numeric_limits<bool>::min)() << " ";
    cout << "MAX：" << (numeric_limits<bool>::max)() << endl;
    cout << "Size of int : " << sizeof(int) << endl;
    cout << "min：" << (numeric_limits<int>::min)() << " ";
    cout << "MAX：" << (numeric_limits<int>::max)() << endl;
    cout << "Size of short int : " << sizeof(short int) << endl;
    cout << "min：" << (numeric_limits<short int>::min)() << " ";
    cout << "MAX：" << (numeric_limits<short int>::max)() << endl;
    cout << "Size of long int : " << sizeof(long int) << endl;
    cout << "min：" << (numeric_limits<long int>::min)() << " ";
    cout << "MAX：" << (numeric_limits<long int>::max)() << endl;
    cout << "Size of float : " << sizeof(float) << endl;
    cout << "min：" << (numeric_limits<float>::min)() << " ";
    cout << "MAX：" << (numeric_limits<float>::max)() << endl;
    cout << "Size of double : " << sizeof(double) << endl;
    cout << "min：" << (numeric_limits<double>::min)() << " ";
    cout << "MAX：" << (numeric_limits<double>::max)() << endl;
    cout << "Size of long double : " << sizeof(long double) << endl;
    cout << "min：" << (numeric_limits<long double>::min)() << " ";
    cout << "MAX：" << (numeric_limits <long double > ::max)() << endl;
    cout << "Size of wchar_t : " << sizeof(wchar_t) << endl;
    cout << "min：" << (numeric_limits<wchar_t>::min)() << " ";
    cout << "MAX：" << (numeric_limits <wchar_t > ::max)() << endl;

    return 0;
}